Korupsi, Pilkada dan Kebijakan Satu Peta

On December 11, 2015 By MusnandaIn Geografi, Indonesia, KonservasiLeave a comment

Hari anti korupsi yang jatuh tanggal 9 Desember lalu ternyata “nyaris tak terdengar” gaungnya di Indonesia, beberapa acara seperti FESTA (festival ati korupsi) yang dilakukan di Bandung yang sempat ramai. Entah karena banyak yang takut berbicara korupsi kemudian terkena kasus korupsi atau karena sebagian sudah hopeless membahas korupsi karena prakteknya tetap ada.

Tahun ini peringatan hari korupsi istimewa karena berbarengan dengan Pilkada serentak di Indonesia yang juga dilakukan tanggal 9 Desember. Sayang sekali mommen serentak ini tidak juga punya nilai karena masih ada daerah yang meloloskan calon tersangka korupsi dan bahkan mantan terdakwa korupsi.

Saya membaca beberapa artikel yang mengkaitkan pilkada dengan kerusakan hutan, misalnya: http://epistema.or.id/kabar/liputan-kegiatan/pilkada-serentak-mengancam-kelestarian-hutan-2/

Pada tahun 2011 terdapat riset dari dari NBER yang working paper nya dapat diakses melalui link: dapat diakses melalui: http://www.nber.org/papers/w17417

Salah satu kutipan dari kesimpulan nya antara lain:

Where these incentives do not line up with national forestry policy illegal extraction can become widespread and actual extraction can exceed planned extraction. By combining detailed satellite imagery with data on competition between jurisdictions, elections and local resource rents we have shown that local political economy factors are critical to understanding the pattern of tropical deforestation in Indonesia, home to some of the largest tropical forest reserves in the world. We nd that increases in the numbers of political jurisdictions are associated with increased deforestation. Illegal logging increases dramatically in the years leading up to local elections. And having access to rents from local oil and gas reserves dampens incentives to engage in illegal logging in the short but not the medium term.

One Map Policy/Kebijakan Satu Peta

Kajian spatial sebenarnya dapat dilakukan untuk melihat trend kerusakan lingkungan dan kaitannya dengan Pilkada. Salah satu analisis yang bisa dilakukan adalah mengkaji secara time series pola-pola pemberian ijin pengelolaan kawasan dan kaitannya dengan kerusakan lingkungan.

Kesulitan kebijakan OneMap adalah lemahnya komitmen pihak-pihak pengelola data untuk mendukung kebijakan pembangunan data yang baik. Akibatnya data-data seperti konsesi misalnya tidak tersedia dan berbeda-beda antar sumber data.

Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Satu Peta akan mampu memberikan input data yang baik untuk kemudian menjadi dasar dalam pengambilan keputusan terkait ruang. Kebijakan yang salah atau yang di luar ketentuan akan sangat mudah dikaji dengan menggunakan pendekatan spatial.

Sumber-sumber Data (gratis) untuk Remote Sensing

On November 19, 2015November 20, 2015 By MusnandaIn GIS, Konservasi, Remote Sensing2 Comments

Seorang teman dari Papua bertanya dimana bisa membeli Landsat. Saya bilang kalau memang dari Pemda bisa mendapatkan dari LAPAN.

Sebenarnya data-data citra satelit saat ini bisa di download dengan mudah. Ini dapat dilakukan untuk mendownload data Landsat, SRTM dan citra-citra arsip lainnya.

Web yang bisa dilihat adalah:

Data LANDSAT dapat didownload melalui http://glovis.usgs.gov/
Data arsip LANDSAT dapat didownload melalui web University of Maryland: http://glcf.umd.edu/data/landsat/
Data berbagai jenis images dapat didownload melalui http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/ link ini menyediakan data termasuk photo udara, SRTM, Radar, dll
Data ALOS PALSAR Dapat di download melalui web berikut: http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/en/palsar_fnf/fnf_index.htm

Secara detail bisa dilihat dalam presentasi berikut.

Sumber sumber data Remote Sensing

Data Spatial dan Konservasi (1)

On March 30, 2015April 9, 2015 By MusnandaIn Climate Change, Conservation, Environment, Geografi, Geography, GIS, Indonesia, Kalimantan Timur, KonservasiLeave a comment

“Our vision is to support and expand the use of geospatial technologies to enhance The Nature Conservancy’s core mission by improving our conservation science, fundraising and administrative functions”

Di negeri yang membentang dari Sabang sampai Merauke dengan luas wilayah yang demikian besar salah satu aspek yang terlupakan atau terpinggirkan adalah pentingnya data spatial sebagai informasi dasar dalam menyusun rencana pembangunan.

Data spatial telah lama tersimpan di bawah meja, dianggap sebagai barang rahasia atau sebagaian orang masing menggangap sebagai komoditi yang bisa diperjual belikan.

Kemajuan teknologi GIS, teknologi pemetaan digital serta keterbukaan informasi yang didorong oleh pihak lain membuat data spatial bukan lagi sebagai dokumen rahasia, tetapi sebagai data dan informasi dasar dalam melakukan banyak kegiatan.

Kebijakan OneMap pada tingkat nasional dapat dikatakan sebagai pemicu awal dari keterbukaan informasi ini. Tetapi faktor lain sebagai pemicu dibalik kebijakan ini wajib kita simak, yang antara lain adalah kebakaran hutan, bencana alam serta tekanan dari luar akan pentingnya penyelamatan kawasan hutan sebagai bagian dari kegiatan adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim.

Konservasi dan data spatial pada dasarnya bukan merupakan hal yang terpisahkan. Saya masih teringat ketika bekerja di dunia konservasi pertama kali adalah menyusun data spatial Papua khususnya wilayah Lorentz sebagai informasi pendukung untuk mengusulkan Lorentz sebagai warisan dunia (world heritage). Waktu itu saya hanya membuat beberapa peta sederhana yang menggambarkan mulai dari letak, data biofisik sampai informasi biodiversitas yang sebelumnya sudah di survey.

Data spatial kemudian semakin sering saya gunakan dalam kegiatan konservasi ketika beberapa pendekatan seperti ekoregion dan pendekatan berbasis landscape mulai dijadikan dasar dalam menentukan strategi konservasi.

Kegiatan LSM dibidang Data Spatial

Ada banyak LSM yang bekerja dibidang penguatan data spatial, salah satunya adalah The Nature Conservancy yang bekerja di Kabupaten Berau, Kalimantan Timur. Pendekatan berbasis Jurisdictional Approach yang dilakukan TNC di Berau mencakup aspek-aspek yang luas mulai dari bekerja di tingkat tapak dengan community base natural resource management, pendekatan berbasis site dengan konservasi kawasan karst, pendekatan berbasis sektoral dengan improve forest management dengan perusahaan dengan menerapkan RIL dan mendukung sertifikasi sampai pada pendekatan kebijakan dengan menerapkan prinsip-prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan. Pada semua aspek dan cakupan tersebut data spatial memiliki peran penting dalam menyusun perencanaan, pelaksanaan sampai pada evaluasi dan monitoring kegiatan.

Data spatial menjadi sangat penting dan digunakan secara luas pada semua pendekatan. Sedangkan untuk TNC sendiri data spatial menjadi penting dengan pendekatan-pendekatan yang digunakan TNC seperti Conservation by Design, Development by Design atau kegiatan berbasis landscape lainnya seperti Protected Area Management.

Coba lihat web berikut: http://maps.tnc.org/gis_data.html , dimana data-data spatial yang sudah ada bisa digunakan oleh publik.

Membangun Data Spatial untuk Konservasi Pada Tingkat Kabupaten

Di Kabupaten Berau telah dibangun webGIS yang menampilkan data-data spatial Berau. Data spatial yang dihasilkan tentunya akan memberikan kontribusi pada konservasi dengan berbagai cara seperti berikut ini:

Awareness akan Informasi Spatial
Tata Ruang yang lebih baik
Baseline Konservasi pada Kegiatan Berbasis Lahan

SPATIAL ANALYSIS ON TIMBER PLANTATION SITTING

On December 11, 2014 By MusnandaIn Konservasi1 Comment

Article by: Musnanda Satar and Alie Syopyan

Preface

Concessions in forest areas consist of logging concessions and timber concessions. Industrial Plantation Forest (HTI) is an attempt to enhance the potential of plantations and forest quality by applying silvicultural production in accordance with the tread of (one or more silvicultural systems) in order to meet the needs of industrial raw materials and non-timber forest products timber. HTI Development Goals, among others: (1) Increasing the productivity of production forests, in order to meet the raw material needs of the timber industry and the provision of business fields (economic growth / pro-growth), employment (pro-job), the economic empowerment of forest communities (pro-poor) and the improvement of environmental quality (pro-enviroment), (2) to encourage the competitiveness of the timber industry (sawmills, plywood, pulp & paper, furniture, etc.) for domestic consumption and export.

Area used for timber plantation is area in zonation as production forest with nonproductive (Regulation No. 7 of 1990, Article 5, paragraph 1), then the region is not in the forest area which has burdened the right of pre-existing (PP No. 6 1999, chapter 13). Two of these are used as a reference basis for determining areas that could be designated as an area of industrial timber estates.

The definition of non productive production forest based on Ministry of Forestry decree 200/Kpts-II/1994 are:

Core tree diameter> 20 cm, less than 25 stems / ha.
Parent trees <10 stems / ha.
Lack of natural regeneration, namely: nursery <1000 stems / ha, and or saplings <240 stems / ha, and or pole <75 stems / ha.

No data about non-productive area inside the production forest zonation at the Department of Forestry WebGIS. In practice it is difficult to determine the non-productive forest area because it required detailed inventory at each location. In practice delineation only for concession area only based on forest function and by considering existing permits.

Determination of area for timber concession should be done with extreme caution, because timber plantation (HTI) the system allows the concession owner to cut down all area and replace with a particular production plant. If the region is converted into plantation areas important for the conservation of biodiversity will be lost in it.

Another thing that should be considered is the aspect in which the timber industry as a management area should be supported by the results of the processing plant/mills and transport aspects of the market.

Detail spatial analysis with consider biodiversity aspects, accessibility and industrial aspect need to be conducted to proposed more suitable area for timber plantation sitting. Timber plantation and other forest extractive concession need to consider data such as orangutan habitat distribution, ecoregional planning maps, carbon stock maps, also other aspects such as accessibility, mills location.

Ministry of Forestry recently in October 2013 released policy through SK Menhut no 5040 about indicative maps of production forest with no concession. These areas used as based for HTI concession permit proposal by private sector in forestry. In Indonesia 14,579,246 hectare are of production forest with no concession and 5,953,271 ha area allocated for HTI. In East Kalimantan about 1,2 million hectare production forest with no concession and 537,719 ha for logging concession, 181,437 ha for rehabilitation concession and 548,719 for HTI and small area 31,198 ha for community forest.

Maps for east Kalimantan shown below.

TNC develop this analysis to highlight importance of conservation aspect for consideration, area for concession should not only based on forest designation area and physical condition.

Purpose

Spatial analysis will give updated situation about timber plantation (HTI) situation in East Kalimantan province by displayed recent concession areas and display further development plan for concession.

The purpose of this analysis is to provide a picture that forest conversion also taking into account the conservation aspects in it. With the description of this analysis are expected to determine the signs are more selective and rigorous to determine which areas can be given permission HTI.

Method

The analysis was conducted based on the regulation of the forest area that can be used for the location of HTI. The area recommended for production forest plantations is unproductive and no other concessions therein. Then conducted further analysis to incorporate aspects of conservation aspect for consideration in determining areas that could be used for timber concessions.

The analysis was performed by using a GIS overlay. The flow of analysis can be seen in the flow char following:

Data Resources

The analysis was performed with data sources:

Official figures from the Department of Forestry for data HTI concessions, logging concessions, land-based Minister of Forestry Decree No. 554, Moratorium map.
TNC data for the location and the orangutan habitat and ERP (Eco-regional Planning) analytical results for the East Kalimantan published in 2006.

Analysis Output

HTI Concessions Distribution

The first step is to show the distribution of plantations in the study area in East Kalimantan. Based on the results of the overlay Zoning of Forest Area by Ministry of Forestry decree 554 of 2013 with the latest HTI concessions from the Ministry of Forestry, the distribution of timber concessions in forest areas can be seen in the following map:

Step activities are as follows:

1. Collect all spatial data from various resources

2. Develop metadata

3. Analysis using ArcGIS spatial analysis tools with identity

4. Calculate area using calculation tools in ArcGIS.

The results of the analysis showed that there were some concessions in East Kalimantan plantations that still exist outside of the production forest area as mandated in the regulations. Nonetheless size HTI concession areas located outside the area of production forests are usually small and scattered in several locations.

On the map can be seen some recent concessions plotted on a map of Forest Area by Decree 554 of 2013 found in some non- forest areas or cultivated area / APL . Distribution of timber concessions in the area of non- forest / APL contained in the Kutai Kertanegara , Kutai Timur, Kutai Barat, Paser and Penajam. HTI concession that goes to non-forest areas in the region are small in size APL usually occurs because of differences or differences in scale base map , but there is also a timber concession in non- forest areas of APL in a significant area .

HTI concessions region that is in the district of Berau also showed some concessions overlap with cultivate areas/ APL. For example, the concession Tanjung Redeb Hutani there are several concession areas included in the APL region. Be more clearly seen in the following map:

There are several possible explanations for the different regions:

The difference in base map, which maps are used to map the SK554 is a 1:250,000 and scale map of the HTI concession proposal develop at 1:25,000 scale.
Data concessions that have not been updated, where several HTI has conducted detailed measurements for RKT/ annual plan then has received approval area.

About 191,601.54 hectare total area of timber plantation concessions that still must be considered to be improved and adapted to the SK 554. Table below show detail about HTI concessions outside production forest.

The next process to be overlaid between Forest Area by Minister of Forestry Decree 554 with HPH and HTI concessions, which is based on the regulation stated that the area could be used as a concession area of production forest is not burdened by the other license. Permit is in production forest concession there is also the forest.

Overlay results can be seen in the following map.

From the results of this analysis will be visible area based regulation can still be converted to plantations or other concessions such as logging concessions. The thing to remember is this area has not seen or aspects of other layers into consideration in determining the concession such as land cover, physiographic conditions, accessibility and conservation. In determining the appropriate location HTI concessions must be juxtaposed with the priority conservation areas and other considerations regarding accessibility, factors supporting industries such as mills and other activities outside the forestry sector.

The following maps show only the area that is not in production forest concession in it of course can not be used as a reference that this region could then granted concessions in it.

The following table shows the extent of the area that is not in production forest concession in them to differentiate by district. Based on the regulation of production forest is allowed to HTI or other activities by adding detailed study on the suitability.

NEXT ANALYSIS: PUT CONSERVATION ASPECT AS CONSIDERATION

As described in the previous section that there are other considerations to identify area to be converted into a concession. This analysis was performed using data provided by looking at other aspects such as existing conditions, priority conservation areas, and a moratorium on licensing policy.

The first analysis is to look at the existing condition of land cover in the region of East Kalimantan . The analysis is used to map land cover using the year 2011 issued by the Ministry of Forestry and already published on the Ministry of Forestry WebGIS.

The analysis begins by determining which areas should generally not be converted because the region has a habitat that has not been touched, the region is ;

Primary forest cover
Mangrove forest cover
Swamp forest cover

The land cover map depicts the latest conditions studied region, overlay the latest HTI concessions by land cover 2011 also show some results of the analysis are beyond the land cover HTI concessions that have been set. It becomes its own record out of the analysis to be performed. Some areas within the plantation land cover turns out to be a concession that has been set, it is shown in the following map

Several possibilities can be found in the field for this condition are:

Plantation forestry land cover identified in the year 2011 could be a concession held by the public as part of a collaboration with HTI concessions. His status was Plantation Forests that are outside the concession area.
Inaccurate data, can be of the data concessions yet the data are updated or land cover that have not been verified in the field.
In narrow areas, may be a fault line or withdrawal due to differences in basic data sources.

Display map overlay that is not in the concession area in which the land cover conditions of the land can be seen in the following map

Further analysis is to use the moratorium area / Indicative Map of New Licensing version 4 was released in 2013. Based on the map PIPIB IV eligible areas based on a regulation should be reduced to the moratorium area. Overlay results is as follows:

On the map screenshots shown that peat and mangrove area is an area that should not be granted a new license HTI. Similarly in the area located in the eastern part has been determined to be the most protected areas and areas that still have a good forest cover is recommended to not be converted to the new forest concession permits.

Further analysis is to use a distribution map of orangutans that have been done by TNC and OCSP. The analysis revealed several areas that serve HTI is the habitat of the orangutan area.

TNC conducted an analysis to prioritize conservation areas in East Kalimantan, the analysis is conducted to determine priority conservation areas by ecoregion approach. Maps generated in the analysis of Eco-Regional Planning or ERP describe areas important for conservation have value and deserve to be protected from conversion. Using these data then overlaid with ERP analysis to show that there are certain areas of production forest areas need to be protected as conservation factors. With this basis the region once identified as an important area in the analysis The Eco-Regional Planning (ERP) should be excluded from the proposed production forest that can be converted into concessions (including concessions HTI).

GIS overlay analysis shown in the following map:

From the analysis it is known that the production forest that can be converted into a concession is very little. Map below and the total area of the region (in Ha) if displayed in the following table.

The results of the final analysis are shown in the table where in it has also been reduced by orangutan habitat, the area becomes less as shown in the following table.

As summary that TNC analysis only recommended area that can be converted into forest concession in East Kalimantan only 943.868 hectare.

Latest ministry of forestry policy through Ministerial Decree No. 5040 in 2013 about indicative maps for designated areas for forest conversion, where this regulation reserved for East Kalimantan concession is 1.299 million hectares.

Overlay between indicative maps by government and TNC spatial analysis shown below.

Recommendations

From the results of spatial analysis performed by overlaying forest areas, concessions and also aspects of forest cover as well as key distribution species orangutans produce several recommendations:

Existing plantation concessions in East Kalimantan region should be studied further because there some timber plantation overlaps with the non-forest areas and or protected areas.
The area in indicative maps by Ministry of Forestry regulation no 5040 year 2013 supposed to delineate less than in indicative maps, some areas that look appropriate category based forest proved to be a very important area for conservation by considering orangutan habitats, ecoregional plan and with other data such as carbon stock.
More in-depth analysis is required to determine the production forest areas that are not productive. This analysis can be performed with high-resolution satellite imagery and ground check on the locations to be converted before permission is granted management of the site.
Transparency needed related to spatial data in forestry, some newest regulation on forestry should be able to download through web and used properly in forestry sector planning and activities.

PROPOSED: HTI CROP LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS BY TYPES OF PLANTS

As forestry activities that should do the planting in the context of the need for timber , the timber should be well planned in accordance with the conditions of the available land . Land suitability analysis could be an option to be part of the initial plan proposed concession . One aspect that is important to do is to conduct a study on land spesific based on the physical aspects of the area and the type of plants that will be proposed in plantation activities .

Under the regulations , the plant is allowed to HTI is :

Perennials
Source of raw material timber and pulp industry

HTI consists of a wide variety of plants that can be developed , one type of plant that was developed for plantation timber as a raw material powder / pulp is acacia mangium ( Acacia mangium Willd ) .

Terms grown mangium is :

Grown in tropical lowland areas
Laterite soil type
Altitude 0-480 m
Areas with a short dry period for 4 months
Rainfall of 1,000 to 4,500 mm and the amount of rainfall between 1,446 to 2,970 mm .

Methods and Steps

Analyses were performed by overlaying multiple theme maps which are required to grow plant species proposed, the main physical aspects are taken into account are:

Morphology of land (altitude, slope)
The type of soil
Climate and weather (rainfall, length of the rainy season and dry season)

Detail report in word document can be download with link below.

Hasil Analisis Spatial Lokasi HTI_ver 17 Desember 2013_ENGLISH

SK Menhut 718/2014 tentang Kawasan Hutan Kaltim

On December 10, 2014June 29, 2016 By MusnandaIn Konservasi34 Comments

Berikut adalah data spatial SKMenhut 718/2014 tentang Kawasan Hutan Kaltim.

Kepts Menhut No 718-Menhut II-2014 ttg Kws Hutan Prov KALTIM da

Bagi yang berminat mendapat shapefile-nya bisa login ke: http://www.webgisberau.net

Atau dapat juga di download melalui link berikut.

https://www.dropbox.com/s/9exm6197y5fcdvo/Kaltim_SK_718_2014.zip?dl=0

Selamat menggunakan dan jangan segan berbagi data PUBLIK ke PUBLIK.

Berikut adalah format jpg yang bisa langsung di lihat.

2013 in review

On December 31, 2013 By MusnandaIn Konservasi1 Comment

The WordPress.com stats helper monkeys prepared a 2013 annual report for this blog.

Here’s an excerpt:

The concert hall at the Sydney Opera House holds 2,700 people. This blog was viewed about 9,800 times in 2013. If it were a concert at Sydney Opera House, it would take about 4 sold-out performances for that many people to see it.

Click here to see the complete report.

Jangan Lupakan Ilmu Geografi dan Ilmu Kebumian

On December 30, 2013 By MusnandaIn KonservasiLeave a comment

Ini merupakan catatan akhir tahun saya.

Pekerjaan saya menuntut untuk mengunjungi dan bekerja bersama beberapa pemerintah daerah. Ada banyak hal bisa saya simpulkan dalam kaitan dengan aplikasi bidang ilmu geografi.

Geografi sebagai ilmu tampaknya masih terlupakan dan tidak dikenal oleh banyak pihak. Demikian pula dengan ilmu-ilmu lain yang berbasis geoscience seperti geologi, geodesi, klimatologi.dll masih merupakan ilmu yang terpinggirkan. Wikipedia menuliskan singkat saja mengenai geografi bahwa Geografi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari tentang lokasi serta persamaan dan perbedaan (variasi) keruangan atas fenomena fisik dan manusia di atas permukaan bumi. Kata geografi berasal dari Bahasa Yunani yaitu gêo (“Bumi”) dan graphein (“tulisan”, atau “menjelaskan”).
Geografi juga merupakan nama judul buku bersejarah pada subjek ini, yang terkenal adalah Geographia tulisan Klaudios Ptolemaios (abad kedua).
Geografi lebih dari sekedar kartografi, studi tentang peta. Geografi tidak hanya menjawab apa dan dimana di atas muka bumi, tapi juga mengapa di situ dan tidak di tempat lainnya, kadang diartikan dengan “lokasi pada ruang.” Geografi mempelajari hal ini, baik yang disebabkan oleh alam atau manusia. Juga mempelajari akibat yang disebabkan dari perbedaan yang terjadi itu.

Sebagai negara dengan luas wilayah besar dan variasi bentang alam yang luar biasa kaya, maka geografi dan ilmu dasar berbasis kebumian lain (geoscience) seharusnya menjadi ilmu yang penting untuk dikembangkan dan menjadi dasar dalam pelaksanaan kehidupan, pembangunan dan semua aspek lain.
Ada beberapa alasan mengapa geografi menjadi hal yang terpinggirkan.
1. Fokus Pengembangan Ekonomi
Dari awal sekali bahwa pembangunan manusia di Indonesia difokuskan pada peningkatan kesejahteraan melalui pengembangan ekonomi. Sayangnya adalah pembangunan ekonomi dilakukan dengan melupakan basic science yang kemudian melahirkan pembangunan dengan arah yang tidak memiliki dasar. Ambil saja contoh mengenai pembangunan sector kehutanan yang dilakukan secara massive dalam kurun waktu 80-an sampai 90-an. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan minimnya pengetahuan mengenai peta kawasan hutan, kondisi hutan dan juga mengenai aspek-aspek ekologis yang melibatkan ilmu dasar geografi (termasuk geomorfologi), klimatologi, biologi, ilmu tanah, dll. Yang terjadi adalah ketika ekspansi pengembangan ekonomi dilakukan tidak direncanakan dengan baik dimana lokasi yang boleh dan tidak boleh, dimana lokasi yang sesuai dan tidak sesuai dan ujungnya adalah bagaimana dampaknya. Demikian pula dengan sector pertambangan, dimana aplikasi geografi dan geoscience lainnya justru dipegang oleh para kontraktor dan perusahaan pertambangan besar yang berasal dari luar negeri.

2. Leadership
Kepemimpinan menjadi kata kunci disini, meskipun para pendiri bangsa mengerti sekali bahwa aspek-aspek geografi sangat penting, tetapi pemimpin lanjutannya sangat tidak mengerti bahwa geografi merupakan ilmu pengetahuan yang penting untuk memetakan wilayah Indonesia yangbegitu luas dan kemudian menggunakan peta-peta tersebut untuk mengambil kebijakan yang tepat.

3. Dukungan Kebijakan
Kebijakan menjadi factor lanjutan dari leadership, ketidak pahaman para pemimpin bangsa mengenai geografi dan beberapa ilmu dasar lain membuat kebijakan yang dibangun tidak didasari oleh data dan informasi mengenai lokasi yang cukup.
Misalnya kebijakan mengenai alokasi penggunaan lahan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintahan tidak dilakukan dengan menggunakan data yang cukup mengenai lokasi.
Jangan heran kalau kemudian banyak dokumen penting untuk perencanaan melalui dokumen tata ruang tidak dilengkapi dengan peta dan informasi spatial yang akurat. Akibatnya bisa dilihat sendiri, ketika kemudian alokasi pemukiman dan perindustrian dilakukan di wilayah pertaanian yang subur, kemudian satu waktu Indonesia akan mengandalkan pangan pada ekspor.

Apa yang kemudian bisa dilakukan adalah melakukan usaha untuk meningkatkan pendidikan dibidang Geografi, serta ilmu kebumian lain. Pada level implementasi bisa dilakukan kegiatan peningkatan kapasitas mengenai pengelolaan dan analisis data keruangan dengan menggunakan dasar ilmu geografi dan ilmu kebumian lainnya.
Tidak pernah ada kata terlambat untuk belajar.